Perspectives on cyber regulation and risk

Analysis of Saudi regulatory developments and practical guidance for security and risk leaders.

What Is a Penetration Test Under PCI DSS v4.0?

PCI DSS v4.0 introduces new distinctions between authenticated and unauthenticated testing, network-layer and application-layer scopes, and internal versus external perspectives. This explainer defines each testing method, shows which cardholder data environment components require which approach, and clarifies when a Saudi payment firm needs all three.

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How we work · 27 Oct 2026

How We Deliver a SAMA ITGF Cybersecurity Internal Audit

Internal audit teams at SAMA-regulated institutions often lack the cybersecurity depth required to review ITGF Domain 9 controls independently. This article explains our three-week method for delivering cybersecurity audits in internal audit format, from risk-based scoping to final report with management responses.

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